The triangular relationship
Diet – gut microbiota – inflammation
Inflammation is a natural body response to injury or infection; however, low-grade inflammation over time is thought to play a significant role in the development of several chronic diseases.
There is increasing evidence that our gut bacteria (microbiota) play a significant role in inflammation, a key driver of many chronic diseases. This review examined the impact of three dietary patterns on the microbiota and how diet can influence inflammation and overall health. A Western diet – high in processed foods, red meat, sugars and unhealthy fats – was found to encourage the growth of harmful bacteria, which increase the risk of inflammation linked to obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular disease.
In contrast, a Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, wholegrains, nuts and olive oil, supports a diverse microbiota, promoting anti-inflammatory effects and better health outcomes. Similarly, plant-based diets, abundant in fibre, polyphenols and plant proteins, boost the population of beneficial bacteria and promote the production of anti-inflammatory compounds while reducing harmful species.
The authors suggest that a further understanding of the connection between diet, gut microbiota and inflammation could be key to preventing and managing chronic diseases.
Randeni N, Bordiga M and Xu B. 2024 A comprehensive review of the triangular relationship among diet-gut microbiota-inflammation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 25 (17) 9,366.
About the author
Dr. Justine Butler
Justine joined Viva! in 2005 after graduating from Bristol University with a PhD in molecular biology. After working as a campaigner, then researcher and writer, she is now Viva!’s head of research and her work focuses on animals, the environment and health. Justine’s scientific training helps her research and write both in-depth scientific reports, such as White Lies and the Meat Report, as well as easy-to-read factsheets and myth-busting articles for consumer magazines and updates on the latest research. Justine also recently wrote the Vegan for the Planet guide for Viva!’s Vegan Now campaign.
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