Mini factsheet: Chicken and red meat

CHICKEN

Chicken has become the most popular choice in the UK, the so-called ‘healthy’ option – but is it healthier than red meat?

Low fat?

Due to chickens being bred and fed to grow unnaturally quickly with limited ability to exercise, chicken meat now provides more calories from fat, including significant amounts of saturated fat, than protein. High-saturated fat intake is a risk factor for heart disease and certain cancers. Chicken is not a healthy option.

Food poisoning or cancer!

Chicken meat is the main cause of food poisoning in the UK. One recent report found 73 per cent of UK supermarket chickens were contaminated with Campylobacter. Whilst cooking kills most of the bacteria, high-heat methods such as grilling or frying form carcinogenic compounds called heterocyclic amines. Cooked chicken is particularly high in these harmful substances, especially when grilled. So damned if you cook it, damned if you don’t!

Protein

Animal protein can increase levels of acid in the blood, causing the body to pull calcium from the bones to neutralise the acid. This may explain the link between meaty Western diets and the increased risk of bone fractures. Wholegrains, pulses (peas, beans and lentils), nuts and seeds provide a much healthier source of protein.

What about organic and free range?

Free range and organic chicken meat contains high levels of fat too. Additionally, bacteria such as Salmonella, E. coli and Campylobacter are just as prevalent, in some cases even higher.

Do yourself a favour and swap chicken for chickpeas!

RED MEAT

Red meat includes beef, pork, lamb and goat – despite being linked to a range of diseases including all our biggest killers – heart disease, diabetes, cancer and obesity, many still believe it to be healthy. What are the facts?

No safe amount

It’s often said that red meat is ‘healthy in moderation’, but the healthiest amount of red meat to consume is none. In 2015 the World Health Organisation added red meat to its list of probable carcinogens, due to associations between red meat and colorectal cancer, as well as pancreatic and prostate cancer. Red meat is high in saturated fats – linked to cancers of the bowel, breast and prostate, as well as heart disease.

What about iron?

Meat contains haem iron, high levels are associated with an increased risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease and kidney disease. Plant foods contain non-haem iron, which is not linked to disease and is absorbed by the body as and when required. Good healthy sources of iron include wholegrains (quinoa, wholewheat spaghetti and wholemeal bread), fortified breakfast cereals, pulses (lentils, tofu, baked beans, kidney beans, peas), seeds (pumpkin seeds, sesame seeds and tahini – sesame seed paste), dried fruit (apricots and figs), seaweed (nori) and dark green leafy vegetables.

Heart disease

Red meat contains many compounds linked to an increased risk of heart disease including saturated fat, cholesterol, animal protein and inflammatory components such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), heterocyclic amines, endotoxins and haem iron. Avoiding all meat (and all other animal products) can reduce your risk of heart disease by a whopping 30 per cent or more.

Diabetes

Red meat is associated with type 2 diabetes – up to 74 per cent increased risk with just one portion of meat a week! One reason for this is the high saturated fat content which stops insulin working properly.

Why vegan is best

A varied vegan diet provides all the healthy plant protein you need along with a vast array of vitamins, minerals, omega-3 and omega-6 fats, anti-inflammatory phytochemicals and fibre – which you won’t find in meat!